Cardano is a blockchain platform that aims to provide a secure and scalable infrastructure for the development of decentralized applications (DApps) and smart contracts. It was founded by Charles Hoskinson, one of the co-founders of Ethereum, and his company IOHK (Input Output Hong Kong).

Cardano distinguishes itself from other blockchain platforms through its focus on academic research, peer-reviewed protocols, and a layered architecture. It aims to strike a balance between the needs of users, regulators, and developers while providing security, sustainability, and scalability.

One of the key features of Cardano is its use of a proof-of-stake (PoS) consensus algorithm called Ouroboros. This algorithm allows the network to achieve consensus and validate transactions without the need for extensive energy consumption, as seen in proof-of-work (PoW) systems like Bitcoin. By using PoS, Cardano aims to be more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly.

Cardano's development is guided by a research-driven approach, where improvements and updates are based on scientific studies and peer-reviewed papers. It also emphasizes formal verification, which is a rigorous mathematical method used to ensure the correctness of smart contracts and critical system components.

Cardano is built in layers, with each layer serving a specific purpose. The settlement layer, called Cardano Settlement Layer (CSL), handles the cryptocurrency aspect, where transactions of the native cryptocurrency ADA take place. The second layer, called Cardano Computation Layer (CCL), is designed to handle smart contracts and DApps.

Cardano's roadmap consists of multiple phases. At the time of my knowledge cutoff in September 2021, Cardano had completed its Shelley phase, which introduced staking and delegation features to the network, allowing ADA holders to participate in the consensus process. The subsequent phase, called Goguen, aimed to enable smart contract functionality on the platform. However, please note that developments may have progressed beyond this point, and I might not have the most up-to-date information.

Overall, Cardano has gained significant attention in the cryptocurrency and blockchain communities due to its focus on academic rigor, scalable architecture, and commitment to research-driven development. It aims to provide a platform for the development of decentralized applications that are secure, transparent, and accessible to a wide range of users.