Prompted by @dankrad, it's worth looking at the type of blockchain applications that make sense, and what sort of demand we're looking at. I largely a...

In a recent tweet thread, I showerthought about “premium execution layers”. Let’s take the thought experiment further… A premium execution layer is ex...

Sustainability can simply be defined as the protocol remains online, resilient to attacks, and usable under all conditions. Arguably, it also needs to...

I wrote a bunch of posts & comments on Optimism forums about first steps toward decentralizing and minimum viable decentralization earlier this year, ...

Disclaimer: everything here is pure speculative showerthought with many oversimplifications, none of this is to be taken seriously, I only hope there’...

Oisín Kyne has a pretty great thread about why app-specific rollups are better than app-specific L1s for most usecases. I haven’t written about rollup...

A common hopium promoted by crypto people is “we must decentralize everything and put it on a blockchain” which has resulted in bizarre memes like “we...

This topic has been well covered by StarkWare and recently Vitalik has a detailed post about layer 3s. So, do I have anything to add? I always thought...

Previously, I’ve discussed why Ethereum should cancel danksharding (or at least, do it only when it’s robust and battle-tested years down the line): 4...

There are many reasons why someone would want to go anonymous, pseudonymous, or both. Perhaps your orthonym (given name) doesn’t match your identity. ...

At EthCC yesterday, Vitalik joked “should we cancel sharding?” There were no takers. I raise my hand virtually and make the case for why Ethereum shou...

The endgame bottleneck for data layers is going to be historical storage. You can read more about it in detail here. Since then, Vitalik has some comm...

Preface: Usually, for my blog posts, I just write stream-of-consciousness rambles, and don’t even bother proofreading. This is different - this is the...

I have covered this topic ad nauseum, but I haven’t written a blog post summarizing the situation since Q3 2021. So, here’s an attempt at a somewhat c...

This is my opinion how Vitalik’s contradictions are healthy and necessary, and how they can be reconciled. I relate with Vitalik’s contradictions, whi...

I understand there’s a lot of in-depth research around this, and almost all proof-of-stake L1s are fundamentally designed around the assumption that s...

For far too long, the narrative has been dominated by short-term solutions with unsustainable designs. It’s never too late to fight back and define wh...

I have expressed regret multiple times this year for helping propagate the “modular blockchain” meme. There are two significant problems with this: fi...

Please consider this as a work of hard science fiction. I had written present tense prose (from 2025’s perspective), but had to rework this post to ad...