Cardano is a blockchain platform and cryptocurrency project that aims to provide a secure and scalable infrastructure for the development of decentralized applications (dApps) and the execution of smart contracts. It was founded by Charles Hoskinson, one of the co-founders of Ethereum, and his company IOHK (Input Output Hong Kong).

Cardano uses a unique proof-of-stake (PoS) consensus algorithm called Ouroboros, which is designed to be secure, energy-efficient, and scalable. The platform is built in separate layers, allowing for easier upgrades and maintenance. Cardano's primary focus is on research-driven development, incorporating academic principles and peer-reviewed research to enhance the platform's security and functionality.

Cardano's native cryptocurrency is called ADA. ADA holders can use the token for transactions within the Cardano ecosystem, participate in the platform's governance through voting, and earn rewards by staking their ADA tokens to help secure the network.

The Cardano project is divided into different phases or eras, including the Byron, Shelley, Goguen, and Voltaire eras. Each era represents a significant milestone in the platform's development, with the ultimate goal of providing a fully decentralized and self-sustaining blockchain ecosystem.

Byron was the initial phase focused on establishing the foundation of the Cardano network. Shelley brought about the decentralization of the blockchain by introducing the ability for ADA holders to participate in staking and operate stake pools. Goguen is the era dedicated to enabling smart contract functionality, allowing developers to build and deploy dApps on the Cardano platform. Voltaire aims to introduce a decentralized governance system, giving ADA holders the ability to influence the direction of the platform and participate in decision-making.

Cardano has gained attention for its emphasis on peer-reviewed research, transparency, and its commitment to formal methods in software development. It has also prioritized interoperability, aiming to enable seamless integration with other blockchain networks and systems.

It's worth noting that my knowledge cutoff is in September 2021, and developments may have occurred in the Cardano project since then. Therefore, I recommend checking the latest resources and official Cardano channels for the most up-to-date information.