Cardano is a blockchain platform and cryptocurrency project that aims to provide a secure and scalable infrastructure for the development of decentralized applications (dApps) and smart contracts. It was created by Input Output Hong Kong (IOHK), a blockchain research and development company led by Charles Hoskinson, who is also one of the co-founders of Ethereum.

Cardano distinguishes itself by utilizing a scientific approach to development, aiming to combine academic research and peer-reviewed technology to create a robust and reliable blockchain platform. It is built on a layered architecture that separates the settlement layer, where the cryptocurrency (ADA) operates, from the computational layer, where smart contracts are executed. This design allows for increased flexibility, scalability, and security.

The Cardano project has undergone several phases of development. Its mainnet, called Shelley, was launched in July 2020, marking a major milestone in its roadmap. Shelley introduced a decentralized proof-of-stake (PoS) consensus algorithm, enabling ADA holders to participate in the network's block production and earn rewards for staking their tokens.

The next phase of Cardano's development is called Goguen, which focuses on adding smart contract functionality to the platform. With the introduction of smart contracts, developers will be able to build and deploy dApps on Cardano, opening up a wide range of possibilities for decentralized finance (DeFi), decentralized identity (DID), supply chain solutions, and more.

Cardano has garnered attention for its emphasis on formal methods and peer-reviewed research, which are aimed at improving security and reducing the risks associated with blockchain technology. It also places a strong emphasis on sustainability, with a focus on reducing energy consumption and maintaining a low carbon footprint.

As of my knowledge cutoff in September 2021, Cardano has gained significant popularity and has a strong community of supporters. However, it's important to note that cryptocurrency projects can evolve rapidly, and there may have been further developments and advancements in Cardano since then. It's always a good idea to check for the latest information from official sources and stay updated with recent news and announcements.